Estonian historian Fred Puss recently gave an interview with Raadio 2 to discuss the historic background of Estonian surnames. It wasn't until the late 19th century that most Estonians acquired surnames, before that they were often referred to by patronyms, eg. Han's son, Jaan's son etc.
Landlords were a major factor in the selection of surnames. There were some that were good to their peasants, but there were also those that did not behave respectfully to their workers. "This was reflected in surname selection, as well," Puss said.
The worst names were usually given to single men, who had not gotten married and were economically less well off. Puss said bad-sounding names, such as Koer ("Dog"), Paks ("Fat"), Laisk ("Lazy") and Limukas ("Weak-willed"), later disappeared since they were not passed down to the next generation. Surnames such as these were usually given to servants and farmers with a family earned themselves better names.
When Estonians were able to choose their own surnames, they often referred to books for inspiration or chose the name of plants, birds or animals. One of the most popular surnames in Estonia is Tamm, which means 'oak'.
Statistics Estonia has a database of Estonian surnames that you can search and discover some fascinating facts. To learn more, please click here - Surname statistics
After entering my surname, Lestal, I found there are currently 17 men and 15 women who share my surname in Estonia (all distant relatives from Tartu). The funny thing is however, across the globe in Australia, are another 18 Lestal's who are descended from my grandfather Alexander who migrated there in 1948.
To read the full Raadio 2 interview with Fred Puss, click here.
