As of 1 January 2026, Statistics Estonia reported that 1,360,745 people live in Estonia, marking a decrease of 9,250 persons from the previous year due to more deaths than births and negative net migration. 82.2% of the Estonian population have Estonian citizenship, 5.5% Russian citizenship, 4.6% Ukrainian citizenship and 4.3% unspecified citizenship. Nationally, the share of Estonians is 68.5% (933 000), which is the same size as last year.
Women have outnumbered men in Estonia for several decades, primarily driven by a significant gender gap in life expectancy where women live roughly 11 years longer than men. The average age of an Estonian residents is 42.
